PKG_CREATE(1)

NAME
pkg_create - a utility for creating software package distributions

SYNOPSIS
pkg_create [-EhlORUVv] [-B build-info-file] [-b build-version-file] [-C cpkgs] [-D displayfile] [-I realprefix] [-i iscript] [-K pkg_dbdir] [-k dscript] [-L SrcDir] [-m mtreefile] [-n preserve-file] [-P dpkgs] [-p prefix] [-r rscript] [-S size-all-file] [-s size-pkg-file] [-t template] [-X excludefile] -c comment -d description -f packlist pkg-name

DESCRIPTION
The pkg_create command is used to create packages that will subsequently be fed to one of the package extraction/info utilities. The input description and command line arguments for the creation of a package are not really meant to be human-generated, though it is easy enough to do so. It is more expected that you will use a front-end tool for the job rather than muddling through it yourself. Nonetheless, a short description of the input syntax is included in this document.

OPTIONS
The following command line options are supported:

-B build-info-file
    Install the file build-info-file so that users of binary packages can see what make(1) definitions were used to control the build when creating the binary package. This allows various build definitions to be retained in a binary package and viewed wherever it is installed, using pkg_info(1).

-b build-version-file
    Install the file build-version-file so that users of binary packages can see what versions of the files used to control the build were used when creating the binary package. This allows some fine-grained version control information to be retained in a binary package and viewed wherever it is installed, using pkg_info(1).

-C cpkgs
    Set the initial package conflict list to cpkgs. This is assumed to be a whitespace separated list of package names and is meant as a convenient shorthand for specifying multiple @pkgcfl directives in the packing list (see PACKING LIST DETAILS section below).

-c [-]desc
    Fetch package (one line description) from file desc or, if preceded by -, the argument itself. This string should also give some idea of which version of the product (if any) the package represents.

-D displayfile
    Display the file after installing the package. Useful for things like legal notices on almost-free software, etc.

-d [-]desc
    Fetch long description for package from file desc or, if preceded by -, the argument itself.

-E  Add an empty views file to the package.

-f packlist
    Fetch (packing list) for package from the file packlist or stdin if packlist is a - (dash).

-h  Force tar to follow symbolic links, so that the files they point to are dumped, rather than the links themselves.

-I realprefix
    Provide the real prefix, as opposed to the staging prefix, for use in staged installations of packages.

-i iscript
    Set iscript to be the install procedure for the package. This can be any executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically when the package is later installed.

-K pkg_dbdir
    Set pkg_dbdir as the package database directory. If this option isn't specified, then the package database directory is taken from the value of the environment variable PKG_DBDIR if it's set, otherwise it defaults to /var/db/pkg.

-k dscript
    Set dscript to be the de-install procedure for the package. This can be any executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically when the package is later (if ever) de-installed.

-L SrcDir
    This sets the package's @src directive; see below for a description of what this does.

-l  Check that any symbolic links which are to be placed in the package are relative to the current prefix. This means using unlink(2) and symlink(2) to remove and re-link any symbolic links which are targeted at full path names.

-m mtreefile
    Run mtree(8) with input from mtreefile before the package is installed. Mtree is invoked as mtree -u -f mtreefile -d -e -p prefix, where prefix is the name of the first directory named by a @cwd directive.

-n preserve-file
    The file is used to denote that the package should not be deleted. This is intended for use where the deletion of packages may present a bootstrap problem.

-O  Go into a (packing list only) mode. This is used to do (fake pkg_add) operations when a package is installed. In such cases, it is necessary to know what the final, adjusted packing list will look like.

-P dpkgs
    Set the initial package dependency list to dpkgs. This is assumed to be a whitespace separated list of package names and is meant as a convenient shorthand for specifying multiple @pkgdep directives in the packing list (see PACKING LIST DETAILS section below). In addition, the exact versions of the packages referred to in the dpkgs list will be added to the packing list in the form of @blddep directives.

-p prefix
    Set prefix as the initial directory (base) to start from in selecting files for the package.

-R  Re-order any directories in the pkg/PLIST file into reverse alphabetic order, so that child directories will automatically be removed before parent directories.

-r rscript
    Set rscript to be the (requirements) procedure for the package. This can be any executable program (or shell script). It will be invoked automatically at installation/deinstallation time to determine whether or not installation/deinstallation should proceed.

-S size-all-file
    Store the given file for later querying with the pkg_info(1) -S flag. The file is expected to contain the size (in bytes) of all files of this package plus any required packages added up and stored as a ASCII string, terminated by a newline.

-s size-pkg-file
    Store the given file for later querying with the pkg_info(1) -s flag. The file is expected to contain the the size (in bytes) of all files of this package added up and stored as a ASCII string, terminated by a newline.

-t template
    Use template as the input to mktemp(3). By default, this is the string /tmp/instmp.XXXXXX, but it may be necessary to override it in the situation where space in your /tmp directory is limited. Be sure to leave some number of ‘X’ characters for mktemp(3) to fill in with a unique ID.

-U  Do not update the package file database with any file information.

-V  Print version number and exit.

-v  Turn on verbose output.

-X excludefile
    Pass excludefile as a --exclude-from argument to tar when creating final package. See tar(1) for further information on using this flag.

PACKING LIST DETAILS
The (packing list) format (see -f) is fairly simple, being nothing more than a single column of filenames to include in the package. However, since absolute pathnames are generally a bad idea for a package that could be installed potentially anywhere, there is another method of specifying where things are supposed to go and, optionally, what ownership and mode information they should be installed with. This is done by embedding specialized command sequences in the packing list. Briefly described, these sequences are:
@cwd directory
    Set the internal directory pointer to point to directory. All subsequent filenames will be assumed relative to this directory. Note: @cd is also an alias for this command.
@src directory
    Set the internal directory pointer for _creation only_ to directory. That is to say that it overrides @cwd for package creation but not extraction.
@exec command
    Execute command as part of the unpacking process. If command contains any of the following sequences somewhere in it, they will be expanded inline. For the following examples, assume that @cwd is set to /usr/local and the last extracted file was bin/emacs.
    %F  Expands to the last filename extracted (as specified), in the example case bin/emacs
    %D  Expand to the current directory prefix, as set with @cwd, in the example case /usr/local.
    %B  Expand to the (basename) of the fully qualified filename, that is the current directory prefix, plus the last filespec, minus the trailing filename. In the example case, that would be /usr/local/bin.
    %f  Expand to the (filename) part of the fully qualified name, or the converse of %B, being in the example case, emacs.
@unexec command
    Execute command as part of the deinstallation process. Expansion of special % sequences is the same as for @exec. This command is not executed during the package add, as @exec is, but rather when the package is deleted. This is useful for deleting links and other ancillary files that were created as a result of adding the package, but not directly known to the package's table of contents (and hence not automatically removable). The advantage of using @unexec over a deinstallation script is that you can use the (special sequence expansion) to get at files regardless of where they've been potentially redirected (see -p).
@mode mode
    Set default permission for all subsequently extracted files to mode. Format is the same as that used by the chmod command (well, considering that it's later handed off to it, that's no surprise). Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction) permissions.
@option option
    Set internal package options, the only two currently supported ones being extract-in-place, which tells the pkg_add command not to extract the package's tarball into a staging area but rather directly into the target hierarchy (this is typically meant to be used only by distributions or other special package types), and preserve, which tells pkg_add to move any existing files out of the way, preserving the previous contents (which are also resurrected on pkg_delete, so caveat emptor).
@owner user
    Set default ownership for all subsequently extracted files to user. Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction) ownership.
@group group
    Set default group ownership for all subsequently extracted files to group. Use without an arg to set back to default (extraction) group ownership.
@comment string
    Imbed a comment in the packing list. Useful in trying to document some particularly hairy sequence that may trip someone up later.
@ignore
    Used internally to tell extraction to ignore the next file (don't copy it anywhere), as it's used for some special purpose.
@ignore_inst
    Similar to @ignore, but the ignoring of the next file is delayed one evaluation cycle. This makes it possible to use this directive in the packinglist file, so you can pack a specialized datafile in with a distribution for your install script (or something) yet have the installer ignore it.
@name name
    Set the name of the package. This is mandatory and is usually put at the top. This name is potentially different than the name of the file it came in, and is used when keeping track of the package for later deinstallation. Note that pkg_create will derive this field from the package name and add it automatically if none is given.
@dirrm name
    Declare directory name to be deleted at deinstall time. By default, directories created by a package installation are not deleted when the package is deinstalled; this provides an explicit directory cleanup method. This directive should appear at the end of the package list. If more than one @dirrm directives are used, the directories are removed in the order specified. The name directory will not be removed unless it is empty.
@mtree name
    Declare name as an mtree(8) input file to be used at install time (see -m above). Only the first @mtree directive is honored.
@display name
    Declare name as the file to be displayed at install time (see -D above).
@pkgdep pkgname
    Declare a dependency on the pkgname package. The pkgname package must be installed before this package may be installed, and this package must be deinstalled before the pkgname package is deinstalled. Multiple @pkgdep directives may be used if the package depends on multiple other packages.
@blddep pkgname
    Declare that this package was built with the exact version of pkgname (since the @pkgdep directive may contain wildcards or relational package version information).
@pkgcfl pkgcflname
    Declare a conflict with the pkgcflname package, as the two packages contain references to the same files, and so cannot co-exist on the same system.

SEE ALSO
pkg_add(1), pkg_admin(1), pkg_delete(1), pkg_info(1), sysconf(3), packages(7)

HISTORY
The pkg_create command first appeared in FreeBSD.

AUTHORS
Jordan Hubbard
    most of the work
John Kohl
    refined it for NetBSD
Hubert Feyrer
    NetBSD wildcard dependency processing, pkgdb, pkg size recording etc.

BUGS
Hard links between files in a distribution must be bracketed by @cwd directives in order to be preserved as hard links when the package is extracted. They additionally must not end up being split between tar invocations due to exec argument-space limitations (this depends on the value returned by sysconf(_SC_ARG_MAX)).