%% This file contains all materials for TTN 2,3 (1993).
%%
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE: You *MUST* use version 2.3 of the TTN style
%%                   file, called ttn2n3.sty. 
%%                   (Ch. Thiele, Editor, TTN).
%%

\documentstyle[twoside]{ttn2n3}   %% Version 2.3, June 1993

% 1992.2.27: fix for underfull hboxes suggested by Phil Taylor (CJC)
\tolerance = 1817 \hbadness = \tolerance

\begin{document}

%% Cover 1:

\pagestyle{empty}

%% For camera copy file, replace this page with material from file
%%      camera-copy-cover.tex

{\Large

\begin{flushleft}
   Volume 2, Number 3
\end{flushleft}

\vspace{-3.1pc}

\begin{flushright}
   July 1993
\end{flushright}

\vspace{6pc}

\hrule height2pt

\vspace{2pt}

\hrule

\vspace{3pt}

\begin{center}
   \Huge \TeX\ and TUG NEWS
\end{center}

\hrule

\vspace{2pt}

\hrule height2pt

\vspace{1pc}

\begin{flushright}
   for and by the \TeX\ community
\end{flushright}

\vfill

\begin{center}
   A Publication of the\\
   \TeX\ Users Group\\
\vspace{3pc}
   Electronic version
\end{center}

} %% end of \Large

\newpage


%% COVER 2 (editorial information):

\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{center}
   {\Sectionfont\TeX{} and TUG NEWS}
\end{center}

\vspace{.5pc}

{\small \baselineskip=10pt
\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
   \begin{tabular}{||lp{9.5cm}||}
      \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\bf Mission Statement} \\ [6pt]
      \hline
      \multicolumn{2}{||l||}{The \TUG\ (\tug) provides leadership:} \\
       1. & to encourage and expand the use of \TeX, \MF, and related
            systems         \\
       2. & to ensure the integrity and portability of \TeX, \MF, and
            related systems \\
       3. & to foster innovation in high-quality electronic document
            preparation     \\
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent \TTN\ is a newsletter for \TeX{} and \LaTeX{} users alike:
{\em a forum for exchanging information, tips and suggestions\/}; {\em
a regular means of communicating news items to one another\/}; {\em a
place where information about \TeX{} and TUG can be quickly
disseminated}.

\vspace{.25pc}

Throughout the newsletter ``\TeX'' is understood to mean \TeX, \LaTeX,
\AmSTeX, and other related programs and macros.  \TTN\ is produced with
the standard \LaTeX{} distribution, and is to be as portable a document
as possible.

\vspace{.25pc}

The entire contents of this newsletter are being placed in the public
domain.  The source file of this issue will be placed in the {\tt
aston}, {\tt shsu}, and {\tt stuttgart} archives, as well as at the {\tt
heidelberg}, {\tt labrea}, and {\tt ymir} archives.  Copying and
reprinting are encouraged; however, an acknowledgement specifying \TTN\
as the source would be appreciated.

\vspace{.25pc}

Submissions to \TTN\ should be short, the macros must work, and the
files {\bf must} run without special font or graphics requirements:
this is to be a {\em portable\/} newsletter (the new font selection
scheme has not yet been implemented).  Correspondence may be sent via
e-mail to {\tt tug@math.ams.org} with the subject line {\tt
NEWSLETTER}\@. 

\vspace{.25pc}

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{lll}
      \bf \TUG                     & Phone:  & +1 (805) 963-1338 \\
       P.O.\ Box 869               & \fax:   & +1 (805) 963-8358 \\
       Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA & E-mail: & \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\TeX{} is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society.
\par}  %% end of \small \baselineskip=10pt

\vspace{.25pc}

\hrule

\vspace{4pt}

{\footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt
\noindent \TTN\ (ISSN 1065-240X) is published quarterly by the \TeX\
Users Group, 735 State Street, P.O.\ Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102,
U.S.A\@. The 1993 dues for individual members are \$60.00 for regular
members and \$30.00 for students.

Second-class postage paid at Santa Barbara, CA, and additional mailing
offices.  Postmaster: Send address changes to \TTN, \TeX\ Users Group,
P.O.\ Box 869, Santa Barbara, CA 93102, U.S.A.

Membership in the \TeX\ Users Group is for the calendar year, and
includes all issues of {\sl TUGboat} and {\sl \TeX\ and TUG NEWS\/}
for the year in which membership begins or is renewed.  Individual
membership is open only to named individuals, and carries with it such
rights and responsibilities as voting in the annual election.
\par} %%  end of \footnotesize \baselineskip=9.5pt

\newpage


%% Editorial (p.1):

\pagestyle{myheadings}
\markboth{\TTN\quad Vol.\ 2, No.\ 3, 1993}
         {\TTN\quad Vol.\ 2, No.\ 3, 1993}

\setcounter{page}{1}   %% to set first page of contents to p.1

\Section{Editorial}

News! News! And still more News! Maybe it's a sign of the excitement
which the Annual Meeting generates, but there has been an avalanche of
news releases and announcements crossing my screen these days. Things
I've had no room for include:

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item the {\sl Textures} 1.6 release
   \item Arbortext and Solaris 2.x for \TeX\ users
   \item Bernard Gaulle has announced a new release of {\tt
         french.sty} v.3.20 
   \item Timothy van Zandt has a new release of {\small PST}ricks out,
         available also from \tug 
   \item there's a new thing called {\small ACROBAT} --- if we're
         lucky, we'll be seeing something about it at Aston
   \item and here's a last-minute arrival: a July release of
         something called {\sl \TeX help: The On-Line \TeX\
         Handbook\/}, from Arvind Borde 
\end{itemize} 

\noindent Question: should we be mentioning new releases in \ttn? What
do you think? People who cruise the newsgroups read about them all the
time: it seems a reasonable thing to bring some of those announcements
here to \ttn. What sorts of things do you want to know about?

\vspace{1pc}

We have a list of the conference presentations as they are currently
known, and we have a list of the courses and instructors for the week
before, and the week after the conference itself. Lots is happening,
that's for sure! And remember to bring some discs if you want to copy
some of the updates/upgrades to software from the fabulous Aston
Archive.

See you at Aston. And for those who won't be able to make it, the {\sl
Proceedings\/} issue of \TUB\ will bring the conference to {\em you\/}
in a few months' time. 

\begin{flushright}
   Christina Thiele\\ 
   Editor, \TTN
\end{flushright}

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{||ll||}
      \hline
         \mbox{\empty}      &                 \\ [-8pt] 
%%         July issue         & \bf June 1st    \\
         Oct.\ issue        & \bf Sept.\ 15th \\
         Jan.\ issue (1994) & \bf Dec.\ 1st   \\
         Apr.\ issue        & \bf March 15th  \\ [1pt]
      \hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\newpage


%% Typographer's Inn (Peter Flynn column) (pp.2-3):

\Section{Typographer's Inn}

\subsection*{Well-versed}

The late Brian O'Nolan (Flann O'Brien), writing his satirical
column {\em Cruiskeen Lawn\/} (as Myles na gCopaleen) in the {\em
Irish Times\/} in the 1930s commented:

\begin{quotation}
   \noindent Having considered the matter in---of course---all its
   aspects, I have decided that there is no excuse for poetry.
   Poetry gives no adequate return in money, {\em is expensive to
   print by reason of the waste of space occasioned by its form\/},
   and nearly always promulgates illusory concepts of life. [My
   italics]
\end{quotation}
%
Several times I have been asked to help with the formatting of poetry.
There are several `{\tt poem.sty}' files around, but none of them seem
to tackle the fundamental problem of coping with overlong lines. The
poet, untrammelled by having to consider such mundane factors as
typography, quite rightly expects the printer to make as decent a shot
as possible at reproducing the poem, but all too often the `printer'
is nowadays an inexperienced {\small DTP} operator, with scant
knowledge of typographic practice.

It is particularly evident when setting in short measures, but the
only satisfactory solution I have been able to come up with is the
following kind of layout (this is a verse of a hymn which had to be
set in 10/11\ts pt to $12\frac12\,$pc):

\smallskip

\newcount\plines
\begingroup\tenrm\baselineskip=11pt\hsize=12.7truepc
\leftskip=1in\advance\hsize by1in
\everypar={\global\advance\plines by1
           \ifodd\plines\else\quad\fi}
\obeylines%
{\tenbf 6}\hskip.5em And in the garden secretly,
And on the cross on high,
Should teach his brethren, and
To suffer and to die.\quad [inspire
\par\endgroup

\medskip

\noindent What I haven't been able to find is the way to get \TeX\ to
do this by itself. The usual pint of Guinness at Aston for the first
solution. I should mention that when there is insufficient space at
the end of the next line, and if there {\em is\/} sufficient space at
the end of the {\em preceding\/} line, then the excess word should be
brought up to the preceding line!  The alternate indenting is handled
by the code:

\begin{verbatim}
\newcount\plines
\everypar={\global\advance\plines by1
           \ifodd\plines\else\quad\fi}
\obeylines%
\end{verbatim}
%
so this extra space also needs to be taken into account.

Curiously, as I was in the middle of writing this, a question about
verse formatting was posted to {\tt comp.text.tex}, so it would be
nice to come up with some answers.

\subsection*{When is an em not an em?}

Talking of {\tt comp.text.tex}, there has been a debate recently about
the size of an em. A user wanted to know how big an em was, and if
that size was related to the current point size of type.  Once the
confusion was settled over the separate meaning of a pica em (always
12\ts pt, regardless of what type you are setting in: this is \TeX's
`pc' unit of measurement), it became obvious that there is substantial
disagreement, or at least misunderstanding, over the term
`em'.\footnote[1]{And there we have a classical example of where to
put the punctuation. Presumably the {\small MLA} would prefer me to
finish the sentence with `em.'}

Historically, an em was the width of a capital `M' (approximately,
anyway). As more and more type designs deviated from this, it became
necessary to fix the value at some standard: normally 1\ts em is the
same as the current pointsize: that is, if you are setting in 8\ts pt
type, then the instruction `leave 1\ts em space' means `leave 8\ts pt
space'. Anyone who has ever set metal type knows this from the fact
that an em quad is a square-section slug of typemetal of side $x\,$pt,
where $x$ is the typesize in points.

\newbox\embox \newdimen\emwidth
\setbox\embox=\hbox{\tenbf\hbox to1em{\hfill}}
\emwidth=\wd\embox
%
However, \MF\ does not obey this convention: if you process the
following code, you will find that the width of what \MF\ claims
is 1\ts em in {\tt cmbx10} is actually \the\emwidth.

\begin{verbatim}
\newbox\embox \newdimen\emwidth
\setbox\embox=\hbox{\tenbf\hbox to1em{\hfill}}
\emwidth=\wd\embox
\showthe\emwidth
\end{verbatim}
%
I'm not sure why it does this: I have never found a use for it, and
have always had to be explicit when writing macros to make sure that
if the typographer's spec says `Chapter Number in 8/9\ts pt Times
Bold, run in 2\ts em to Chapter Title in 8/9\ts pt Times Roman' that
the result leave exactly 16\ts pt between CN and CT, otherwise the
client will be upset.

Can anyone shed some more light on this? Perhaps it's some devious and
hidden difference between typographical practice in North America and
in English-speaking parts of Europe.

\subsection*{Fonts}

I've just managed to get a real PostScript laser printer near me: up
until now I've been making do with Ghostscript for drafts and trusting
to a well-tried local typesetter for repro pulls and camera-ready. I
still think the default interletter spacing on the Adobe fonts is too
tight. I don't have a copy of ATF Garamond, but if anyone out there
can lay their hands on a specimen book, and measure an alphabet, I'd
be glad of the opportunity to compare it with the one sold by Adobe.

\newpage


%% New Publications (Peter Schmitt's column) (p.4):
%%     a8131dal@awiuni11.edvz.univie.ac.at

{{\baselineskip=11.5pt  \parskip-2pt
\begin{New Publications}

\vspace{-.5pc}

<                                      Peter Schmitt \\
<                            |schmitt@awirap.bitnet| \\
<              |a8131dal@awiuni11.edvz.univie.ac.at| \\

\books

> Helmut Kopka and Patrick W. Daly:
    A Guide to \LaTeX:
    Document Preparation for Beginners and Advanced Users

    Addison-Wesley (UK) Ltd., 1993.
    448pp. US\$34.50. \ISBN 0-201-56889-6.

  # This book is based on two well-known German books by Helmut Kopka:
    =\LaTeX\ --- Eine Einf\"uhrung=, and
    =\LaTeX\ --- Erweiterungsm\"oglichkeiten=.

> Francesc Rossell\'o Llompart:
    L'ABC del \TeX

    Palma de Mallorca: UIB-DMI
    Departament de Ci\`encies Matem\`atiques i Inform\`atica,
    Universitat de les Illes Balears,
    1991.

> Reinhard Wonneberger:
    \LaTeX. _3., durchgesehene und erweiterte Auflage_

    (Addison-Wesley Kompaktf\"uhrer)
    Bonn etc.: Addison-Wesley, 1993. \\
    XVI,~166pp. DM~29,80. \ISBN 3-89319-589-0.

  # This is the third (expanded) edition of a concise German
    \LaTeX\ reference (previous editions 1987 and 1988).
    The main addition is a section on |german.sty|, which is
    widely used in German-speaking countries.

\Etexts

> Hubert Partl,\ts Elis.\ Schlegl\ts and Irene Hyna:\ts
    Una Descripci\'on de \LaTeX

  # Spanish translation by Tomas Bautista of well-known German
    introduction to \LaTeX, =\LaTeX-Kurz\-be\-schrei\-bung=. Includes
    material on the |spanish| style option. Available in Spain from 
    |ftp.eunet.es| (also known as |goya. uu.es|) in the directory
    |info/unix/text/TeX/spanish/tutorial|, as well as from the
    main \TeX\ archives.


\Newsletters

> Les Cahiers GUTenberg:
  No.\ 14: {\sl Euro\TeX'92: Proceedings of the 7th European \TeX\
  Conference\/}. Prague, Sept.\ 14--18, 1992. Pp.\ vi + 330.\newline

  No.\ 15, avril 1993, 61pp. \issn\ 1140-9304.

> GUST:
  Zyszyt 1 (1993). [March issue 35 + 7; A4 format.]

  # First issue of the newsletter {\small GUST} from the
    Polish user group Grupa U\.zytkownik\'ow Systemu \TeX.
    Editors are: W\l odek Bzyl and Tomasz Przechlewski. Address is: 
    Instytut Matematyki UG, Wita Stwosza 56, 80-952 Gda\'nsk. 
    E-mail: |matwb@halina.univ.gda.pl|.

> MAPs: 
  issue 93.1, 1993, 233pp. [Dutch-speaking user group, NTG publication].

\end{New Publications}
\par}}

%% \newpage included in {New Publications} environment (Ch.)


%% Feature article (hacks for quotation marks) (pp.5-9):
%%    by Johannes Braams

\Section{Feature Article}

\input ttn2n3-gather.sty

\squashedsubsection{International quotations}
                    {Johannes Braams \\
                     {\small PTT} Research \\
                     \tt J.L.Braams@research.ptt.nl}

\vspace{-12pt}

\subsubsection*{Introduction}

At the conference in Portland last year, Christina Thiele asked me if
I was willing to write an article for \ttn\ about quotation marks.
She said that she suspected that there would be many people out there
who would want to know how to produce quotation marks in a little
piece of, say, French text that they include in their document that is
otherwise written in English. All this is of course covered in the
Babel language-specific style files, but for those who don't want to
use Babel but do need the occasional quotation mark I wrote this
article.

Let me start with a disclaimer: I am not familiar with all the
typographic conventions that are in use in the various countries all
over the world. Also I can only give you macros for those languages
for which a language-specific Babel file exists. So, there may be more
conventions. If you know of them, please inform me, so that I can
enlarge my collection.

Yet another disclaimer: If you have access to fonts with the {\small
DC/EC} (or Cork) encoding, you do not need most of the hackery in this
article.  Those fonts include the necessary characters, so they need
not be constructed.

The first part of this article\footnote[1]{When the source of this
    article is run through \LaTeX\ it produces a file called {\tt
    quoting.tex} which contains all the code that is described and
    used in the article.} deals with the macros needed to typeset the 
quotation marks needed for various languages. First, I'll introduce
some internal hackery, then the macros that really produce quotation
marks. I also give some shortcuts to make the macros easy to use.
Finally, I will give some examples of the use of the macros.  In the
examples, I will show the source text as well as the typeset result.

\subsubsection*{Some help macros}
\startgather{quoting}

Because the macros in this part of the code are not intended for use
in a document, we'd like to `hide' them from the user. Usually this is
done by changing the category code of a character with category code
`other' to a letter.  More often than not the `@' is chosen for this
purpose. Sometimes the underscore is used for this purpose as well.
Here I too will use the `\_'. Of course the category code needs to be
reset later so we store the current value in \verb=\uscatcode=:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
   \chardef\uscatcode=\catcode`\_
   \catcode`\_=11\relax
\end{code}

In some languages we need to lower quotation marks to the baseline.
For this purpose we use the macro \verb=\set_low_box=. It has one
argument and uses \verb=\box0= to gives us its result. This macro
comes from {\tt german.tex}.

It firsts typesets a comma in box register~2 and its argument in box
register~1. Then it computes the distance that the argument has to be
lowered to reach the baseline. Finally, it lowers the contents of box
register~0 --- using box register~0 again for the result --- and
adjusts the values for the height and depth of the box:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def\set_low_box#1{\setbox2\hbox{,}\setbox0\hbox{#1}%
  \dimen0\ht0 \advance\dimen0 -\ht2%
  \setbox0\hbox{\lower\dimen0 \box0}\ht0\ht2 \dp0\dp2}
\end{code}

Using macros for quotation marks sometimes disturbs the spacefactor,
so we also need a macro to preserve it. This macro also stems
from {\tt german.tex}. It first checks if it is executed in horizontal
mode; if that is the case, the current spacefactor is stored in the
macro \verb=\_SF=. Outside horizontal mode the macro \verb=\_SF= is
empty. Then \verb=\save_sf_q= typesets its argument and resets the
spacefactor:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def\save_sf_q#1{{\ifhmode
  \edef\_SF{\spacefactor\the\spacefactor}\else
  \let\_SF\empty \fi \leavevmode #1\_SF}}
\end{code}

\subsubsection*{Producing the quotation marks}

In languages such as Dutch, German and Czech, the opening quotes are
traditionally typeset at the baseline:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def\loq{\protect\_loq}
\def\_loq{\save_sf_q{\set_low_box{''}\box0\kern-.04em}}
\end{code}

In German, the closing quotes are also different from what is provided
by \TeX. They use something that looks like the Eglish opening quotes
as closing quotes. Obviously, if one didn't do anything about it, the
spacing would be wrong. Therefore we need yet another macro,
\verb=\icq=:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def\icq{\protect\_icq}
\def\_icq{\save_sf_q{\kern-.07em``\kern.07em}}
\end{code}

In French typography, a very different kind of quote mark is used, the
so-called `guillemets'. To realise these guillemets, various macros have 
been floating around the net. According to the {\tt french.sty}
package by Bernard Gaulle, one of the oldest definitions is:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def\oog{\protect\_oog}
\def\_oog{\leavevmode\ifdim\lastskip>0pt\unskip
           \penalty-9\hskip0.35em minus 0.35em\fi
           \raise .27ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\ll$}%
           $\,$\nobreak\ignorespaces}
\def\ocg{\protect\_ocg}
\def\_ocg{\leavevmode\ifdim\lastskip>0pt\unskip
           \penalty10000\fi
           \nobreak$\,$\leavevmode
           \raise .27ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\gg$}}
\end{code}

\noindent But this does not {\em really} give the result that the
French would like. Therefore, if you have access to the \LaTeX\ symbol
fonts it is better to use the following definition for the guillemets:

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{code}
\chardef\lg='050
\chardef\rg='051
\def\og{\protect\_og}
\def\_og{\hbox{\ly\lg\kern-0.2em\lg\kern+0.2em}}
\def\cg{\protect\_cg}
\def\_cg{\hbox{\ly\kern+0.2em\rg\kern-0.2em\rg}}
\end{code}

In the code above the control sequence \verb=\ly= is used. It is an
internal macro from the old font selection scheme in \LaTeX. When you
use the \nfss\ you will have to define it this way:

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{code}
\ifx\undefined\selectfont
\else
  \def\ly{\fontfamily{lasy}\fontseries{m}
          \fontshape{n}\selectfont}
\fi
\end{code}

\subsection*{Easy usage}

In the previous section a couple of macros have been defined to make
it possible to use various quotes. But it would be nice if one didn't
have to do so much typing each time they were used. To provide easy
access, it is common use in language-specific files to introduce
active characters. For the macros presented here, we could introduce
three active characters, the {\tt "}, {\tt <} and the {\tt >}:

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{code}
\def\dq{"}\catcode`\"=\active
\def\lt{<}\catcode`\<=\active
\def\gt{>}\catcode`\>=\active
\end{code}

\noindent As you may have noticed, I saved a copy of the non-active
version of each character in a control sequence. These are needed
later on, when the active character has inspected its argument and
decides that it needs to insert the non-active version of itself.

We use the active {\tt"} to access the low opening quotes and the
German closing quotes; the other two are used to produce the
guillemets.  Here is the definition of the active characters:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\def"#1{\ifx#1`\loq{}\else
        \ifx#1'\icq{}\else\dq#1
        \fi\fi}
\def<#1{\ifx#1<\ifmmode\lt\lt\else\og{}\fi\else\lt#1\fi}
\def>#1{\ifx#1>\ifmmode\gt\gt\else\cg{}\fi\else\gt#1\fi}
\end{code}

But, be careful when introducing new active characters. You have to
make sure that they get deactivated at the right moment. Therefore, we 
need to add them to macros such as \verb=\dospecials= and --- in case
you use \LaTeX\ --- \verb=\@sanitize=. A safe way of doing this was
found by Bernd Raichle. It involves using an extra macro
\verb=\add_special=:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\chardef\atcatcode=\catcode`\@
\catcode`\@=11\relax
\def\add_special#1{\begingroup
    \def\do{\noexpand\do\noexpand}
    \def\@makeother{\noexpand\@makeother\noexpand}
    \edef\x{\endgroup
      \def\noexpand\dospecials{\dospecials\do#1}
      \expandafter\ifx\csname @sanitize\endcsname\relax \else
        \def\noexpand\@sanitize{\@sanitize\@makeother#1}
      \fi}
    \x}
\catcode`\@=\atcatcode\relax
\end{code}

\noindent Once that macro is defined we use it to tell \TeX\ to treat
our active characters with caution:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\add_special\"
\add_special\<
\add_special\>
\end{code}

\subsubsection*{Wrapping up}

These macros were defined while the category code of the `\_' was
changed. It must not be forgotten to undo that change:

\vspace{-6pt}
\begin{code}
\catcode`\_=\uscatcode\relax
\end{code}
\endgather
\input{quoting.tex}

\subsubsection*{Examples}\startexamples

A quotation in Dutch might look like this:

\begin{code}
Hij zei: "`Ga je mee?''.
\end{code}

\noindent But in French (using the definition that uses the \LaTeX\
symbol font) it would be:

\begin{code}
Il disait: << Tu va? >>.
\end{code}

\noindent Whereas in Italian it might look like:

\begin{code}
Lui dice: >>Andiamo?<<.
\end{code}

\noindent To show the difference between the two definitions given for
the guillemets, this is what the old version looks like:

\begin{code}
Il disait: \oog\ Tu va? \ocg.
\end{code}

\vspace{-1.5pc}


%% Jeremy Gibbons' column ``Hey --- it works!'' (pp.9-12):

\Section{``Hey --- it works!''}

\vspace{-8pt}

\begin{flushright}
       Jeremy Gibbons \\
       University of Auckland \\
       \tt jeremy@cs.aukuni.ac.nz
\end{flushright}

\noindent Welcome to {\sl ``Hey~--- it works!''} This column is
designed for little tricks~--- even ones that seem trivial or
inelegant~--- that others may find useful. If you have any such items,
please send them in to me at the address above.

Paul Hafner, in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics here at
Auckland, pointed out a problem with Hans Guesgen's macros in the last
issue for interspersing headings in bibliographies. Hans was working
from an older version of \LaTeX, and an update to \LaTeX\ in
January~1992 broke Hans' macro; the fix is to add the definition

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{verbatim}
\def\@bibitem#1{\item\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
       {\string\bibcite{#1}{}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\end{verbatim}
\vspace{-3pt}
to \verb"bibheadings.sty".

The first piece in this issue is a brief note from Klaus Lagally about
Peter Schmitt's margin mark macros in \ttn~1,3. Next we have an item
by Claudio Beccari on fine adjustments to the spacing of alignments,
expanding on his own comment in \ttn~2,1.  We conclude with a short
piece from Charles Wells on giving arbitrary labels to equations.


\squashedsubsection{More on margin marks}
                   {Klaus Lagally \\
                    University of Stuttgart \\
                    \tt lagally@informatik.uni-stuttgart.de}

Here are a few comments on ``Marking lines in the margin'', \ttn~1,3
p.\,12 and \ttn~1,4 p.\,10, by Peter Schmitt.

The macros as given will inhibit hyphenation.  This can be corrected
by redefining:

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{verbatim}
\long\def\readword#1 {#1\strut\putmark\space\next\relax}
\end{verbatim}

If the margin mark is a \verb"\vrule" of sufficient height and depth
the \verb"\strut" is no longer necessary, not even at the beginning of
a paragraph, as \TeX\ will now be in horizontal mode anyway.

How to redefine \verb"\putmark" to get the mark into the right margin
is left as an exercise to the interested reader.


\squashedsubsection{Correct spacing for tables and arrays}
                   {Claudio Beccari \\
                    Politecnico di Torino \\
                    \tt beccari@polito.it}

\noindent Every \LaTeX\ user knows how to insert vertical spacing in
tables, arrays and equation arrays by means of the optional argument
of the \verb"\\" command. I suppose that most users do not like to
explore the inner depths of \LaTeX, so that it is possible that
some users do not realize that the \verb"\\" command behaves quite
differently in equation arrays compared with tables and arrays.

In the {\tt eqnarray} environment (with or without asterisk) the
\verb"\\" command with an optional argument --- a dimension given in
square brackets --- actually inserts that vertical space in addition
to the default row spacing defined by the format file (in fact this
default spacing is given by the \verb"\jot" dimension, which is
defined in {\tt lplain.tex}, not in {\tt book}, {\tt report}, {\tt
article}, or {\tt letter}, nor in the size-related subsidiary files);
of course, anybody can assign this \verb"\jot" a different value, but
most users simply don't do it.

The \verb"\\" command optional argument behaves in a different way in
the {\tt tabular} and {\tt array} environments; this optional argument
is used to increment the depth of the strut that implicitly is
inserted in the first cell of every row and in the only cell produced
by means of the \verb"\multicolumn" command. Therefore it is
impossible or difficult to control vertical spacing after every
\verb"\hline" and \verb"\cline" command, and after those rows that
contain at least one cell whose depth is greater than the implicit
strut depth.

With the set of \LaTeX\ or plain \TeX\ predefined commands, in the
first case there is no workaround, except, perhaps, inserting a whole
row of empty cells, which may result in too much white space.  In the
second case, it is possible to proceed empirically until one finds the
right amount of extra space to insert as the optional argument to the
\verb"\\" command.  In any case, if you try to modify the implicit
strut dimensions by redefining \verb"\arraystretch", you end up with a
table or an array that contains too much white space.

Both cases, on the other hand, may be dealt with very nicely if some
new struts are defined and inserted in the right places (in addition
to the implicit strut) in order to control the vertical space very
finely. In my tables and arrays I generally use the following two
struts, but in special cases I might define several similar invisible
objects:
%
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand\T{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}}              % Top strut
\newcommand\B{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}}        % Bottom strut
\end{verbatim}
%
The `top strut' ensures that its row is at least 2.6ex high; the
`bottom strut' ensures that it is at least 1.2ex deep.

Compare the following two ruled tables; you will notice in the second
one that horizontal rules are not too close to capital letters and
that fractions (even if they are set in textstyle and are therefore
smaller than usual) do not require guesswork in order to keep them at
a reasonable distance from the following rule:
%
\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|c|c|l|}
      \hline
      \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Laplace transforms}\\\hline
      $f(t)$          & $(p)$      & no struts  \\\hline
      $\delta(t)$     & $1$        & optional arg.\\[.5ex]
      $\cos\omega_0t$ & $\frac{p}{p^2+\omega_0^2}$ &    \\\hline
   \end{tabular}
\qquad
   \newcommand\T{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}}              % Top strut
   \newcommand\B{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}}        % Bottom strut
   \begin{tabular}[t]{|c|c|l|}
      \hline
      \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Laplace transforms\T\B}\\\hline
      $f(t)$       \T & $(p)$ \B      & with struts  \\\hline
      $\delta(t)$     & $1$    \T     & optional arg.\\[.5ex]
      $\cos\omega_0t$ & $\frac{p}{p^2+\omega_0^2\B}$ &    \\\hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
Notice that a bottom strut in the second table is inserted in the
denominator of the fraction, not to the side of the fraction,
otherwise its extra space would be masked by the fraction depth.

The second table is obtained with the following commands:
%
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand\T{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}}              % Top strut
\newcommand\B{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}}        % Bottom strut
\begin{tabular}[t]{|c|c|l|}
   \hline
   \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{Laplace transforms\T\B}\\\hline
   $f(t)$       \T & $(p)$      \B & with struts  \\\hline
   $\delta(t)$     & $1$        \T & optional arg.\\[.5ex]
   $\cos\omega_0t$ & $\frac{p}{p^2+\omega_0^2\B}$ &    \\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{verbatim}
%
The \verb"\\" command optional argument is used after the third row,
because it does not contain oversized cells; otherwise, it would be
better to control vertical spacing with struts only.

Instead of locally defining the top and bottom struts, as done in the
example, it is possible to put the definitions in the preamble, or,
even better, to define a command that defines them, so that the
definition may be kept local to a particular environment or group:
%
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand\setTBstruts{\def\T{\rule{0pt}{2.6ex}}%
                        \def\B{\rule[-1.2ex]{0pt}{0pt}}}
\end{verbatim}
%
so that it is possible to get them to work with a simple call to
\verb"\setTBstruts" only where it is  needed.


\squashedsubsection{Labelling equations by names}
                   {Charles Wells\\
                    Case Western Reserve University\\
                    \tt cfw2@po.cwru.edu}

\makeatletter
\def\labeq#1{\def\@currentlabel{#1}\label{#1}$$}
\def\elabeq{\eqno{\mbox{(\@currentlabel})}$$} 
\makeatother

Sometimes you want to give one or two of the main results of your
paper a name.  If the result is in the form of an equation, you might
want it to be labeled by the name you gave it instead of by a number.
The following four lines define two new commands, \verb"\labeq" and
\verb"\elabeq", that produce a labeled equation for which you choose
the label.  You can also refer to it later by its label or its
page number.  The equation does not use up an equation number:
if the equation before the labeled equation is number $n$, the
equation after the labeled equation will be number $n+1$.

\begin{verbatim}
\makeatletter
\def\labeq#1{\def\@currentlabel{#1}\label{#1}$$}
\def\elabeq{\eqno{\mbox{(\@currentlabel})}$$} 
\makeatother
\end{verbatim}

\noindent You would use it like this:

\begin{verbatim}
\labeq{MAIN}
x^2+y^2=z^2
\elabeq
\end{verbatim}
which would print as 
\labeq{MAIN}
x^2+y^2=z^2
\elabeq

You could refer to it by writing
\begin{verbatim}
See equation~(\ref{MAIN}) on page~\pageref{MAIN}.
\end{verbatim}  
This would print as ``See equation~(\ref{MAIN}) on
page~\pageref{MAIN}.'' Note that you must put the parentheses in
yourself.

This definition is a genuine hack since it depends on internal \LaTeX\
code that is not guaranteed to be the same in future revisions.

\newpage


%% (La)TeX news (pp.13-15):

\Section{\AllTeX\ News}

\squashedsubsection{Announcing Oz\TeX\ 1.5}
                   {Andrew K.\ Trevorrow \\
                    Australian National University \\
                    \tt akt150@huxley.anu.edu.au}

Oz\TeX\ 1.5 is now available at the following \ftp\ sites, as well as
from \tug:

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
      \tt rsphysse.anu.edu.au & in \tt pub/oztex/newoztex \\ 
      \tt ftp.tex.ac.uk       & in \tt pub/archive/systems/mac/oztex \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
It should also be at {\tt midway.uchicago.edu}.  There have been a lot
of changes in version 1.5; here are the most significant ones:

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item Oz\TeX\ now has a ``big'' \TeX\ (32-bit halfwords). The
         values of \verb+mem_max+, \verb+mem_top+, \verb+pool_size+
         and \verb+font_mem_size+ can all exceed 64K. Other \TeX\
         parameter limits have also been increased. 

   \item Multiple folders for \TeX\ input files and {\tt .tfm} files
         are allowed. 

   \item Oz\TeX\ supports all types of printers (not just \PS\ printers). 

   \item Non-resident \PS\ font files can be downloaded on demand.

   \item Oz\TeX\ supports background printing and typesetting.

   \item New keyboard short cuts make it easier to proofread a {\tt
         .dvi} file. (E.g., you can hit the space bar to scroll
         forwards through a document.) 

   \item The ``Oz\TeX\ User Guide'' has been updated and expanded.

   \item OzTeX is now shareware. More info about the shareware fee is
         in Oz\TeX's Help menu; or contact the author for more details.
         All earlier versions remain freeware. 
\end{itemize}


\squashedsubsection{\BibTeX\ HyperCard stack}
                   {Evan Antworth  \\
                    Summer Institute of Linguistics  \\
                    \tt evan.antworth@sil.org}

\noindent Hyper\BibTeX\ is a Macintosh HyperCard application for
managing bibliography databases in a format compatible with Bib\TeX\
(as defined in Lamport's \LaTeX\ book and Patashnik's document
``\BibTeX ing'').  A Hyper\BibTeX\ bibliography stack can be created
either by manually making new cards or by importing an existing {\tt
.bib} file. When you want to make a bibliography for a document, you
simply export selected cards from the stack to a {\tt .bib} file and
process it with \BibTeX. Hyper\BibTeX\ has facilities for searching,
sorting, marking cards and data validation.

Hyper\BibTeX\ requires HyperCard version 2; version 2.1 is recommended
because of its superior error handling. It should run fine under
System 6, but the Balloon Help facility requires System 7. It also
runs under HyperCard Player.

Hyper\BibTeX\ version 0.9.7, released on 3 May 1993, is an upgrade
that fixes various bugs (including a serious bug in version 0.9.5) and
adds a number of new improvements and features. If you are presently
using an older version of Hyper\BibTeX, I strongly recommend that you
upgrade to version 0.9.7. Hyper\BibTeX\ is freeware and is available
by anonymous \ftp\ from:

\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item [mac.archive.umich.edu:] \mbox{}\\
         {\tt /mac/hypercard/organization/hyperbibtex0.97.sit.hqx} 

   \item [sumex-aim.stanford.edu:] \mbox{} \\
         {\tt /info-mac/card/hyper-bib-tex-097.hqx}

   \item [midway.uchicago.edu] \mbox{} \\
         {\tt /pub/OzTeX/bibtex/HyperBibTeX097.sea.hqx}
\end{description}

\noindent Or you can order Hyper\BibTeX\ on diskette from:

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
      International Academic Bookstore & e-mail: 
                                         \tt academic.books@sil.org \\
      7500 W. Camp Wisdom Road         & phone: 214/709-2404 \\
      Dallas, TX  75236                & \fax:  214/709-2433 \\
      U.S.A.                           &                     \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
%
Send all correspondence about Hyper\BibTeX\ to Evan Antworth, Academic
Computing Department at the Summer Institute of Linguistics (phone
214/709-3346).


\squashedsubsection{UK \TeX\ archive on CD-ROM}
                   {Rich Morin}

\def\PTF{{\small PTF}}

Prime Time Freeware (\PTF) 2-1 contains a (300 MB, compressed)
snapshot of the \uk\ \TeX\ Archive, as of late December, 1992. Issue
2-2 will contain a snapshot of files changed between that time and
late May, 1993.

\PTF\ is a semi-annual collection of \unix-related freeware source
code and documentation.  Each issue consists of two ISO-9660 {\small
CD-ROM}s, bound into a 50+ page booklet. \PTF\ is particularly useful
for programmers who do not have \ftp\ access, but many programmers use
\PTF\ to save disk space and avoid annoying \ftp\ searches and
retrievals.

\PTF\ 2-1 contains 1,200 MB of compressed archives, unpacking to more
than 3,000 MB of source code and documentation, current as of January
15, 1993.  The top five items, in order of size (KB), include: the
\uk\ \TeX\ Archive (299,508), {\small SRC} Modula-3 (82,198), NetLib
Archive (math and sim.) (81,650), {\small ICOT} (5th Gen.~AI Code)
(78,792), and Scheme Language (36,540).

Inquiries and orders may be sent (no e-mail orders, please) to:

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{llr}
      Prime Time Freeware 
            & 370 Altair Way, Suite 150 & Tel: +1 408-433-9662 \\
      \tt ptf@cfcl.com        
            & Sunnyvale, CA  94086  USA & Fax: +1 408-432-6149 \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}


\squashedsubsection{The CTAN archives}
                   {George D.\ Greenwade \\
                    Chair, {\small TWG} on \TeX\ Archive Guidelines \\
                    \tt bed\_gdg@SHSU.edu}

\def\CTAN{{\small CTAN}}
\def\DANTE{{\small DANTE}}

\noindent The \tug\ Technical Working Group on \TeX\ Archive
Guidelines ({\small TWG-TAG}) was established with the mandate of
``develop[ing] guidelines for the effective management and utilization
of major \TeX\ archives, and to initiate communication among the
maintainers of the existing archives for the purpose of coordination
and synchronization.''

The result of this effort has been the creation and development of the
Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network (\CTAN).  In cooperation with
\DANTE's archive at Stuttgart and the \uk\ \TeX\ Users Group's archive
at Aston, Sam Houston State University (Huntsville, Texas, {\small
USA}) joins in what is very possibly the largest coordinated archive
of file offerings available for network-based retrieval. The goal of
the \CTAN\ is to have available comprehensive archives of \TeX-related
files (sources, macros, utilities, drivers, pre-packaged complete sets
for given operating systems, etc.) within parallel directory and
filename structures accessible by common user interfaces. Within a
very brief time lag, the holdings at one \CTAN\ host should be
precisely the same as on any other \CTAN\ host.  Moreover, the
interface, command syntax and available local commands to assist users
should be the same regardless of which host you are connected to.

Each \CTAN\ host updates its collection with files and packages
submitted for archiving, and places them into the pre-established
directories within the \CTAN\ structure.  From there, they are passed
along to the other \CTAN\ hosts as they mirror one another on a daily
basis.  Additionally, each of the \CTAN\ hosts may serve as a point of
entry for contributions directly uploaded to it, which will then be
passed along to the other hosts in the network.

As noted in the preliminary announcement for the upcoming \tug\
meeting, the \CTAN\ is a topic which will receive wide coverage, as
well as demonstrations for those interested.  Presently, the Internet
File Transfer Protocol (\ftp) interfaces for anonymous use are
parallel between \CTAN\ hosts; eventually electronic mail interfaces
to the \CTAN\ archives will also be parallel (and reported as soon as
feasible).  For users with \ftp\ client access, you are welcome to
view and use any of the established hosts:

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
      Host Name                & Base \CTAN\ Directory \\
    \hline
      \tt ftp.uni-stuttgart.de & \tt /pub/tex/     \\
      \tt ftp.tex.ac.uk        & \tt /pub/archive/ \\
      \tt ftp.shsu.edu         & \tt /tex-archive/ \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\noindent via anonymous \ftp\ (login as ``anonymous'' and use your 
complete electronic mail address as your password).  Beyond these base
directories, the holdings should parallel one another very closely.

\newpage


%% Column by Robert Becker: You Rang ...? (pp.16-18):

\Section{You Rang \ldots?}

\newcounter{xyz}
\setcounter{xyz}{1}

\newcommand{\yourang}{{\sl You Rang \ldots?}}

\begin{flushright}
   Robert Becker \\
   Department of Mathematics, Room 2--332\\
   Massachusetts Institute of Technology\\
   77 Massachusetts Avenue\\
   Cambridge, MA~~02139--4307\\
   \fax:  (617)253--4358
\end{flushright}

\noindent Welcome to the second column of \yourang\ As stated in the
previous issue of \ttn, this column will attempt to satisfy two major
needs: first, hardware/software tips and tricks for the general user;
second, tips on how to install versions of \TeX{} and their support
packages (dvips, for example).  Questions come from you, the reader,
by postal mail (not e-mail or {\small COD}) or by \fax{} (see the
above number).  I definitely want to hear from you.  Tell me what
you're trying to do and, space and interest providing, a solution will
be published.\footnote[1]{I will attempt to answer your question, even
if it doesn't get published.  If I can't answer it, you'll get a
pointer to more information.} I cannot emphasize enough how important
your input is to the \TUG.  I'm looking forward to seeing your
questions and comments!


\subsection*{How can I get an indent after a sectioning command?} 

Sectioning commands all use a construction called
\verb|\@startsection|, which is defined in {\tt latex.tex}.
Let's take a look at it (I've numbered the lines for explanatory
purposes):

{\small
\begin{verbatim}
1.\def\@startsection#1#2#3#4#5#6{\if@noskipsec \leavevmode \fi
2.  \par \@tempskipa #4\relax
3.  \@afterindenttrue
4.  \ifdim \@tempskipa <\z@ \@tempskipa -\@tempskipa \@afterindentfalse\fi
5.  \if@nobreak \everypar{}\else
6.    \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}\addvspace{\@tempskipa}\fi \@ifstar
7.    {\@ssect{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}{\@dblarg{\@sect{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}{#5}{#6}}}}
\end{verbatim}
}

On line 4 at the end, see the \verb|\@afterindentfalse| command. That
says that after the section header is typeset, no indent is allowed in
the first paragraph. To allow the indent, copy the above command to a
separate file (say, {\tt commands.sty}) in the same directory as the
document on which you are working.  Now change
\verb|\@afterindentfalse| to \verb|\@afterindenttrue|.  Last, make
sure you call {\tt commands.sty} {\em after\/} all other style files
are called, and --- voil\`a!

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{center}
\verb|\documentstyle[11pt,leqno,commands]{report}|
\end{center}


\subsection*{How do I get an abstract in the right place in \LaTeX{}
             using\nl
             {\tt$\backslash$maketitle}?}

This is actually a trick question.  Using the \verb|\maketitle|
command depends on having a {\tt titlepage} environment.  In addition,
the {\tt titlepage} environment only exists in the {\tt article} and
{\tt report} document styles.  Here's the general structure (taken
from Lamport, page 164\footnote[2]{Leslie Lamport: {\sl\LaTeX: A
Document Preparation System, User's Guide \& Reference Manual\/},
Addison-Wesley, ISBN 0-201-15790-X.}):

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{titlepage} % Start of Titlepage area
  \title{Title of article or report}
  \author{Author 1\thanks{Acknowledgement of support 1.}
          Company of Author 1\\
          Address of Author 1                          \and
          Author 2\thanks{Acknowledgement of support 2.}
          Company of Author 2\\
          Address of Author 2                          \and
          Author 3\thanks{Acknowledgement of support 3.}
          Company of Author 3\\
          Address of Author 3
         }
  \date{Date of Paper}
\end{titlepage}
\maketitle                   % Set the Titlepage
\begin{abstract}             % Abstract comes after the Titlepage
   Text of abstract.
\end{abstract}
\end{verbatim}
%
Let's tackle this step by step.

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{description} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item{\verb|\begin{titlepage}|} This starts the environment.

   \item{\verb|\title{Title}|}  This does the obvious.  In a long
         title, you can use the \verb|\\| command to tell \LaTeX{}
         where to begin a new line.

   \item{\verb|\author{Author(s)}|} Obvious.

   \item{\verb|\and|}  When there are multiple authors, this command 
         goes between each (you don't have to --- it's a matter of style: 
         you could simply type \newline
             \verb|\author{Author 1, ..., and Author n}|).
        In addition, if each author has an address you wish to
        specify, typeset it as in the above example, with \verb|\\|
        to start new lines where appropriate.  In the above example,
        each author will be centered with the corresponding address
        and will look something like this (only larger because they're
        authors):%%
                 \begin{center}
                   \parbox[t]{2in}{\centering
                      Author 1\\ [-1pt]
                      Address of Author 1\par}
                   \parbox[t]{2in}{\centering
                      Author 2\\ [-1pt]
                      Address of Author 2\par}\par
                      Author 3\\ [-1pt]
                      Address of Author 3
                  \end{center}
                  \vspace{-3pt}

   \item{\verb|\thanks{}|} This command puts important information 
         in a footnote at the bottom of the titlepage.  Note that the 
         footnote uses symbols ($\fnsymbol{xyz}$,
         \stepcounter{xyz}$\fnsymbol{xyz}$,
         \stepcounter{xyz}$\fnsymbol{xyz}$ \ldots , 
         \addtocounter{xyz}{6}$\fnsymbol{xyz}$), not numbers, to
         differentiate them from footnotes in the main text.
 
   \item{\verb|\date{}|} This command puts a date you specify into
         the titlepage and is optional.  If you leave it out, \LaTeX{}
         will put in today's date.  You can specify {\em no\/} date by 
         typing \verb|\date{}|.

   \item{\verb|\end{titlepage}|} Ends the {\tt titlepage} environment.

   \item{\verb|\maketitle|} This command tells \LaTeX{} to put
         together the titlepage.  If this isn't in the document, the
         titlepage doesn't get typeset.  Remember to put it {\em
         after\/} the {\tt titlepage} environment:  otherwise the
         abstract goes before the titlepage on a separate page!

   \item{\verb|\begin|$\ldots$\verb|\end{abstract}|} The abstract goes 
         here. It will be typeset in a smaller typeface than normal text.

   \item{\bf The {\tt titlepage} style.} This is only necessary in the
         {\tt article} document style as the {\tt report} document
         style automatically pulls {\tt titlepage.sty} in (and {\tt
         book} and {\tt letter} document styles don't use {\tt
         titlepage}).  This option specifies that the titlepage and
         abstract go on separate pages. 
\end{description}


\subsection*{How do I change the line spacing?}

\LaTeX{} has the construction \verb|\baselinestretch| which is
used with \verb|\renewcommand| in the following manner:

\vspace{-2pt}
\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item In the preamble, use 
         \verb|\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}|{\tt\{{\it num}\}}
         where {\it num\/} is a whole number ($-1$ works, but
         anything less has the same effect). 

   \item After the preamble, the above command only works {\it
         after\/} a typesize change, so you need to use something like
         this:\vspace{-4pt}
              \begin{center}
                 \verb|\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{|{\it
                    num}\verb|}\large\normalsize|
              \end{center}
\end{enumerate}

\noindent Plain \TeX{} has the length \verb|\baselineskip| and is used
as follows:

\vspace{-3pt}
\begin{center}
  \verb|\baselineskip=|{\it num$_1$}{\tt plus{\it num$_2$} minus {\it
         num$_3$}}
\end{center}
%
where {\it num$_1$} is the amount of skip you want (12pt skip with
10pt text), {\it num$_2$} is the amount it can stretch (3 or 4pt), and
{\it num$_3$} is the amount it can shrink (1 or 2pt).  These {\tt
plus} and {\tt minus} options are necessary so \TeX{} can break pages
without overfull or underfull messages appearing.  Another general
query is double-spacing; while a 24pt baselineskip is technically
``double-spaced'', the appearance can be much improved by using a skip
of only 80\% over single spacing. In a case of 10pt text, try a skip
of 20pt and see if that's acceptable.

\newpage


%% Section on papers and courses at TUG'93 meeting (pp.19-21):

\Section{TUG\ts'93 Updates}

\subsection*{TUG\ts'93 program (July 26--31) \hfill 
             Aston University,\\
             \mbox{} \hfill  Birmingham UK}

\newcommand{\bull}{$\bullet$}

\begin{description}
   \item [Monday, 26 July] \mbox{}

         {\bf 10.00--12.30: Tutorials}

         {\sl Either} \bull~Introduction to \LaTeX{} (what it is and
            what it is not) \\
         {\sl or} \bull~Flavours of \TeX: a brief tour

         {\sl Either} \bull~Getting \TeX: how to set up and maintain
            a \TeX{} system for yourself and your friends \\
         {\sl or} \bull~Fonts for \TeX: how fonts are accessed by
            \TeX, and the many possibilities for obtaining `typeset
            output' 

         {\bf 2.00--6.00: Orientation/Keynotes} 

         \bull~A~new typesetting system: is it really necessary? \\
         \bull~Brum for beginners  \\
         \bull~\TeX\ from \verb+\indent+ to \verb+\par+ \\
         \bull~The future of \TeX{} and \tug 

         {\bf Speakers:} Peter Abbott, Bogus\l aw Jackowski, Joachim
              Lammarsch, Marek Ry\'cko, Christina Thiele.

         {\bf Workshops:} \LaTeX3 {\sl or} Virtual fonts

   \item [Tuesday, 27 July] \mbox{}

         {\bf 8.45--12.30: Multilingual}

         \bull~A format compilation framework for European languages \\
         \bull~Language-dependent ligatures \\
         \bull~Russian \TeX{} issues \\
         \bull~Typesetting Catalan texts with \TeX{} \\
         \bull~Working group report

         {\bf Speakers:} Gabriel Valiente Feruglio, Robert Fuster,
              Yannis Haralambous, Irina Makhovaya, John Plaice, Larry
              Siebenmann 

         {\bf 2.00--6.00: Tools/Margins}

         \bull~An abstract model for tables \\
         \bull~Bibliography prettyprinting and syntax checking \\
         \bull~Lexi\TeX: context-sensitive citations \\
         \bull~Maps in \MF{} \\
         \bull~Mixing \TeX{} and {\small SGML}: a~recipe for disaster?
          
         {\bf Speakers:} Nelson Beebe, Frank Bennett, Peter Flynn,
              Daniel Taupin, Xinxin Wang, Derick Wood 

         {\bf Workshops:} MakeIndex  {\sl or}  Problem 

   \item [Wednesday, 28 July] \mbox{}

         {\bf 8.45--1.30: Futures}

         \bull~A future for \TeX{} \\
         \bull~Beginner's guide to {\small DSSL} \\
         \bull~{\sl Building a future for \TeX}\footnote[1]{Text in slant
               font implies an unconfirmed or tentative title.} \\
         \bull~Building a \TeX-based multi-window environment adapted
               to research work \\
         \bull~Document centred applications with {\small GRIF} \\
         \bull~{\small NTS}: the future of \TeX?

         {\bf Speakers:} Martin Bryan, Roger Hunter, Michel Lavaud,
              Jean Paoli, Philip Taylor, Michael Vulis 

   \item [Thursday, 29 July] \mbox{}

         {\bf 8.45--1.05: Fonts, Maths}

         \bull~A~PostScript font installer written in \TeX{} \\
         \bull~A~versatile \TeX{} device driver \\ 
         \bull~On the  readability of maths typesetting  \\ 
         \bull~{\sl Scalable outline fonts} \\
         \bull~The Khmer script tamed by the Lion (of \TeX) \\
         \bull~The spacing around mathematics  \\
         \bull~Virtual fonts in a production environment 

         {\bf Speakers:} Michael Doob, Yannis Haralambous, Berthold
              Horn, Alan Jeffrey, Minato Kawaguti, David Murphy, Craig
              Platt, Larry Siebenmann 

         {\bf 2.00--6.30: \tug/Archives}

         \bull~\TeX\ Users Group general meeting \\
         \bull~The comprehensive \TeX{} archive network --- {\small
               CTAN}

         {\bf Speakers:} George Greenwade, etc.

         {\bf Workshops:} \BibTeX{} {\sl or} Multilingual

   \item [Friday, 30 July] \mbox{}

         {\bf 8.45--12.30: Macros/Didot} 

         \bull~{\sl Electronic type design} \\
         \bull~Fundamental \TeX{} macros for processing structured
               documents \\
         \bull~News from Music\TeX{} \\
         \bull~Sorting in {\small BLU}{\sc e} \\
         \bull~Syntactic sugar \\
         \bull~Teaching typography --- the {\sc Didot} project

         {\bf Speakers:} Mike Daines, Mary Dyson, Jonathon Fine, Kees
              van der Laan, Daniel Taupin

         {\bf 2.00--3.30: Didot} 

         \bull~Document design \\
         \bull~Wrap-up 

         {\bf Speakers:} Richard Southall, etc.
\end{description}


\squashedsubsection{TUG\ts'93 courses (20 July--6 August)}
                   {Carol Hewlett \\
                    \tug\ts'93 Committee}

The following courses will be held the week before the \tug\ts'93
Annual Meeting, and the week after the meeting.

\begin{enumerate} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item Beginning/Intermediate \TeX: 20--24 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Michael Doob

   \item Intensive \LaTeX: 31 July--3 August and 2--5 August (2 courses)\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Malcolm Clark (31 July--3 August) 

   \item Advanced \TeX\ and macros: 20--24 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Chris Rowley

   \item \TeX\ output routines: 2--4 August\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Philip Taylor

   \item Modifying \LaTeX\ 2.09 style files: 31 July--1 August\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Sue Brooks

   \item \MF\ logos: 21--23 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Eric-Jan Vens

   \item \MF\ fonts: 2--6 August\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Yannis Haralambous

   \item Using the \TeX\ family for setting maths: 31 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Rosemary Bailey

   \item Book design in \TeX: 22--23 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Philip Taylor

   \item Doing more with \LaTeX\ 2.09: 24--25 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}s: Michel Goossens and Frank Mittelbach

   \item Beyond Computer Modern: using other fonts in \TeX: 22--23 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Yannis Haralambous

   \item \TeX\ and \PS: 22--23 July\\
         {\bf Tutor}: Sebastian Rahtz
\end{enumerate}

\noindent All courses will be held at Aston University, Birmingham,
\uk. For further details, please contact:

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
       Carol Hewlett         & E-mail: \tt hewlett@lse.ac.uk \\
       Computer Service, LSE & Phone: +44 71-955 7926        \\
       London, WC2A 2AE, UK  & \fax:  +44 71-955 7001        \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}


%% Reports on Meetings (pp.22-23):

\Section{Reports on Meetings}

\def\NTG{{\small NTG}}

\squashedsubsection{NTG's Lustrum Meeting}
                   {Kees van der Laan \\
                    Chairman, \small NTG}

On June 10th, the \NTG\ had its first Lustrum (fifth anniversary)
meeting at {\small KNMI} De Bilt. Some 60 members (about 25\% of the
membership) attended the meeting, which was held under beautiful
weather. A message entitled ``Congratulations from \TUG'' was read
aloud on behalf of Christina Thiele, who could not attend the meeting.
The \NTG\ board underwent some changes: Johannes Braams was
re-elected, and Erik Frambach joined the board as a new member,
replacing Theo Jurriens, all by acclamation.  Theo Jurriens was
thanked for his all-too-short presence on the board, and one of his
ideas was realized at this meeting: to pay special attention to the
Flemish members.  Philippe Vanoverbeke has accepted the task of \NTG's
Belgian commissionar. This function is informal for the time being.
Some formal issues were discussed during the ``Other business''.

A walk through \NTG's history lane was presented by Kees van der Laan,
interactively, meaning that attendees could introduce their own
appreciations of the past or their visions about the future. For the
most recent past, Frans Goddijn gave the speaker some rest by
announcing \NTG's bulletin board, prepared and maintained by Henk de
Haan and himself.\footnote[1]{A Dutch article on the issue appears in
MAPS93.1, pp.~31--36.} My own vision on the future did not concentrate
so much on the future of \TeX, but more on the production and
consumption of information by the community at large, and \TeX's role
in this, next to other tools to be expected to develop.

After the busy lunch --- there is always much to talk about, to page
through, etc.\ --- we had our meat: Huib van Krimpen, a famous Dutch
typographer, and Frank Blokland, a coming man in font design. We also
had our own contributions: Rein Smedinga about his experience in
preparing a book via \LaTeX, and instead of the announced Theo
Jurriens, who could not make it, Johannes Braams presented a paper he
and Walter van der Laan (no relation) had presented at the \tug'92
meeting at Portland: `Writing reports with more than a hundred
people''. \c Ca va sans dire, that this was an excellent program, and
we all enjoyed it very much. Frank Blokland decided on the spot to
become a member of \NTG, because \TeX, etc.\ intrigued him so much,
and he --- with his professional craftsman background --- expects to
learn a lot from the other side.\footnote[2]{If not we from him.} 

The speakers got a big hand for their fine contributions.  The
president invited the attendees to extend this to the editorial team,
the working groups for their fruits during the past five years, and to
the board and the membership for the achievements we have made.  The
host was thanked for their kind hospitality, and that it was a bit
overdone --- to make up for those high temperatures outside. Enough
heat was on already.  We finished up with an informal lustrum drink,
and the traditional dinner with the speakers, and members to hang on.



%% Board Activities (pp.23-26):

\Section{TUG Board Activities}

\squashedsubsection{1993 \TeX{} Users Group Election}
                   {Barbara Beeton \\
                    for the Elections Committee}

The terms of all 15 members of the first elected Board of Directors
will expire on December 31, 1993.  The election to choose the new
Board members will be held this fall, and nominations are invited.

The Bylaws provide that ``Any member may be nominated for election to
the Board by submitting a nomination petition in accordance with the
\tug\ Election Procedures.  Election of the directors shall be by
written mail ballot of the entire membership, carried out in
accordance with those same Procedures.  Each director will hold office
for a term of two (2) years.  Directors may be re-elected for
successive terms.''

The name of any member may be placed in nomination for election to
this office by submission of a petition, signed by two other current
(1993) members, to the \tug\ office at least 30 days prior to the
election.  A petition form follows this announcement; forms may also
be obtained from the \tug\ office and will be available at the annual
meeting, to be held this year at Aston University, Birmingham, \uk.

Along with a petition form, each candidate is asked to supply a
passport-size photograph, a short biography, and a statement of intent
to be included with the ballot; the biography and statement of intent
together may not exceed 400 words.  The deadline for receipt at the
\tug\ office of petitions and ballot information is {\bf September 1,
1993}.


%% Nomination form (1 page):

\begin{figure*}
\newcommand{\SigRule}{\rule{4.5cm}{.5pt}}
\newcommand{\DateRule}{\rule{2.3cm}{.5pt}}
 
\vspace{-48pt}

\subsection*{Nomination for 1993 TUG Board of Directors Election}
 
Only current (1993) \tug\ members are eligible to participate. The
signatures of two (2) members are required in addition to that of the
nominee. {\bf Type or print} names clearly, exactly as they appear in
the most recent \tug\ membership list or on a \tug\ mailing label; new
members should enter the name which they used on their membership
application form. Names that do not exactly match the \tug\ records
will not be accepted as valid.
 
\vspace{2pc}
 
\noindent The undersigned \tug\ members propose the nomination of:
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}ccc@{}}
\SigRule            & \SigRule        & \DateRule   \\
\bf Name of nominee & (signature)     & (date)      \\
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\noindent for the position of {\bf Member of the {\small\bf TUG} Board
of Directors}, for a term beginning {\bf January 1, 1994}.
 
\vspace{2pc}
 
\begin{flushleft}
\begin{tabular}{@{}ccc@{}}
\multicolumn{3}{c}{\large \bf Members supporting this nomination} \\
\noalign{\vskip1pc}
\bf Nominated by & \bf Signature  & \bf Date    \\
(please print)   &                &             \\
\noalign{\vskip1pc}
\SigRule         & \SigRule       & \DateRule   \\
\noalign{\vskip1pc}
\SigRule         & \SigRule       & \DateRule   \\
\end{tabular}
\end{flushleft}
 
\vspace{1pc}
 
\noindent Return this petition to the \tug\ office (\fax ed submissions
will also be accepted).  Petitions must be received in the \tug\ office
no later than {\bf September 1, 1993}.

\begin{Address}
   \TeX\ Users Group \hfil \hspace{4pc} {\bf FAX:} 805-963-8358 \\
   {\bf Nominations for 1993 Election} \\
   P.O.\ Box 869 \\
   Santa Barbara, CA 93102-0869 \\
   U.S.A.
\end{Address}
\end{figure*}

Some changes have been proposed in the structure of the Board and the
terms of Board members. As most Board members attend the annual
meeting, and making arrangements to attend meetings at other times of
the year is often difficult, it has been proposed that the term be
shifted so that the terms of outgoing members end, and those of new
members begin, with the annual business meeting. This arrangement
should assure a smooth transition, with both old and new members able
to attend at the same time.

A second proposed change would alter the lengths of some terms for one
time only, so that not all members of the Board are replaced at the
same time, but only one-third.  For Board members elected this year,
it would mean that five will have terms that end with the 1995 annual
meeting, five with the 1996 annual meeting, and five with the 1996
annual meeting.  Thereafter, all new terms will be for three years.
All positions will be elected this year on the same basis, and the
members of each of the three groups chosen by lot by the disinterested
person or organization whose services are procured to count the
ballots and certify the results.

Subject to approval by the present Board at their annual meeting,
these new procedures will be in effect for the upcoming election.
 
Ballots will be mailed to all members about 30 days after the close
of nominations.  Marked ballots must be received no more than 6 weeks
following the mailing; the exact date will be noted on the ballots.
 
Ballots will be counted by a disinterested party not part of the \tug\
organization. The results of the election should be available by the
end of November.
 

\subsection*{Notices}

\squashedsubsection{$\bullet$ Technical Council}
                   {Michael Ferguson \\
                    for the Technical Council}

The Technical Council would like to solicit ideas and volunteers for
the creation of ``Special Interest'' Technical Working Groups. A
current example is

\begin{description}
   \item [WG-92-04 (SI-TWG)] \hfill {\bf Title}: Special Interest TWG

\vspace{-6pt}

   \item [\empty] \hfill \TeX\ for the Disabled

   \begin{description}
      \item [Mandate:] The primary purpose of this working group is as 
          a forum for those people interested in using and/or
          enhancing \TeX\ to serve the needs of the disabled.
   \end{description}

   {\bf{\small\bf TWG} Chair}: T.V.\ Raman 
                               ({\tt raman@cs.cornell.edu}) 
\end{description}

\noindent Please contact Michael Ferguson, Yannis Haralambous or Alan
Hoenig, at the \tug\ meeting in Aston or by email at

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{ll}
      Michael Ferguson (Chair): & \tt mike@inrs-telecom.uquebec.ca \\
      Yannis Haralambous:       & \tt yannis@gat.citilille.fr      \\ 
      Alan Hoenig:              & \tt ajhjj@cunyvm.cuny.edu        \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}


\squashedsubsection{$\bullet$ Conference Planning Committee}
                   {Jackie Damrau \\
                    for the Conference Planning Committee}

We are soliciting the membership for volunteers to host our annual
meetings.  The meeting this year in Birmingham, England is our first
meeting outside of North America, and hopefully will enable many more
European members to attend the annual meeting.  In keeping with this
approach, we would like to promote a meeting sequence in which
meetings would occur in a different area of the world each year, thus
giving all \tug\ members an opportunity to attend an annual meeting
periodically without undue expense.  It is our hope that members from
different countries will volunteer.

What is the process for deciding where meetings will be held?  The
committee solicits bids from members, and submits proposals to the 
\tug\ Board, who make the final decision. 

What is involved? Using the recorded experience of past conference
organizers, the committee has compiled a minimal checklist for
volunteers to complete and return to the committee for an initial bid
to host a meeting.  Along with this checklist, the committee plans to
provide organizers a summary of tips --- a sort of ``things to do''
and ``things to avoid''.

Would you like to host an annual meeting at your site?  If you are
interested, please contact committee chair, Jackie Damrau, at

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{lll}
      Jackie Damrau, Chair      & Phone:  & 214-708-6048\\
      SSC Laboratory 		& \fax:   & 214-708-5143\\
      Mailstop 1011, Ste. 125 & E-mail: & \tt tugcpc-l@irlearn.bitnet\\
      2550 Beckleymeade Avenue \\
      Dallas, Texas 75237, USA \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\vfill

\begin{center} \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
   \begin{tabular}{||c||}
      \multicolumn{1}{c}{\large\bf Next Board Meeting} \\
   \hline
       24--25 July, at \tug\ts'93 \\
       Aston University, Birmingham, England \\
    \hline
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}

\newpage


%% TUG Courses for 1993 (p.27):

\Section{\Large\bf \TeX\ Users Group \\
          1993 Course Schedule}

\vspace{-.5pc}

\begin{tabular}{llll}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Beginning/Intermediate \TeX*} 
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Intensive Course in \LaTeX*} \\
\quad Santa Barbara**  & Oct.\ 18--22 & \quad Ottawa & August 23--27 \\
\quad Santa Barbara    & Feb.\ 7--11  & \quad Santa Barbara** 
                                                     & Oct.\ 25--29 \\ 
                       &              & \quad Santa Barbara
                                                     & Jan.\ 31--Feb.\ 4 \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Modifying \LaTeX\ Style Files*}
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Adv'd \TeX\ and Macro Writing\rlap{*}} \\
\quad Santa Barbara    & Feb.\ 28--Mar.\ 4
                                      & \quad Santa Barbara**  
                                                     & Nov.\ 1--5 \\ 
                       &              & \quad Santa Barbara
                                                     & Feb.\ 14--18 \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl \TeX\ for Publishers}
      & \multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Practical SGML and \TeX*} \\
\quad Washington, D.C. & Nov.\ 12     & \quad Santa Barbara** 
                                                     & Nov.\ 8--9 \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\large\sl Book and Document Design}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl SGML and \TeX\ for} \\ 
\multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl with \TeX\qquad}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{\large\sl Publishers*} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{Boston\quad Sept.\ 23--24}
      & \multicolumn{2}{c}{New York\quad Nov.\ 10} \\ [3pt]
\cline{2-3}
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
                   *Lab classes --- computers will be provided for
                    all students.} \\
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
                   **{\bf NOTE:} These classes, previously scheduled
                     for Boston,} \\ [-2pt]
\multicolumn{4}{c}{\footnotesize
                     have been moved to Santa Barbara.} \\
\end{tabular}

\vspace{1pc}
\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item \tug\ courses are small, with 8--15 students in most classes.

   \item Dates and locations subject to change --- contact the \TUG\
         at 805-963-1338 or send a \fax\ to 805-963-8358.
\end{itemize}

\hrule \vspace{2pt} \hrule
\vspace{1pc}

\begin{center}
   \large\bf On-Site Courses in \TeX\ and \LaTeX\ from \TUG\
\end{center}     

\begin{itemize} \itemsep=-2pt
   \item Courses in \TeX{}, \LaTeX{}, {\small SGML} and \TeX,
         PostScript, or \TeX{} for Publishers tailored to the needs of
         your group 

   \item Courses at every level from beginning to advanced

   \item Five full days of instruction at your site

   \item One-week course fee includes all instructor fees and expenses
         plus textbooks and other materials for up to 15 students
\end{itemize}

\newpage


%% Upcoming Events (p.28):

\Section{Upcoming Events}

\begin{center} 
{\tabcolsep4pt \setbox 0 = \hbox {\bf Spring 1994}
\dimen 0 = \hsize
\advance \dimen 0 by -6\tabcolsep
\advance \dimen 0 by -\wd 0
\advance \dimen 0 by -4.8 cm
\begin{tabular}{p{\wd 0}p{4.8cm}p{\dimen 0}}
\hline
\hline
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 26--30 July & {\small\bf TUG\ts'93}:\nl
                   ``World Wide Window on \TeX''\nl
                  14th Annual Meeting, Aston University,
                  Birmingham, \uk.
                       & Chris Rowley, {\tt ca\_rowley} \nl
                         {\tt @vax.acs.open.ac.uk} \nl
                         Malcolm Clark \nl
                         {\tt malcolmc@wmin.ac.uk}     \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline 
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 15 Aug.    & {\small\bf EP94}, {\small\bf RIDT94}
                 deadline:\nl
                 Call for papers for major joint conference
                 in Darmstadt, Germany, 11--15 April 1994.
                       & {\small EP94}: {\tt ep94@gmd.de} \nl
                         {\small RIDT94}: {\tt ridt94@irisa.fr} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline 
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 23--24 Sept. & {\small\bf DANTE}:\nl
                   9th general meeting of {\small DANTE},
                   including free tutorials on various themes.\nl
                   Kaisers\-lautern. 
                       & Klaus Uttler\nl
                         {\tt uttler@rhrk.uni-kl.de} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline 
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 28--29 Sept. & {\bf Electronic Books 1993}:\nl
                   First annual meeting, at the Sheraton
                   New York, New York City.
                   Pre-conference workshops on 27~Sept.
                       & {\tt Meckler@jvnc.net}\nl
                         Phone: (203) 226-6967\nl
                         In {\small USA}: 1-800-632-5537 \nl
                         \fax:  (203) 454-5840 \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline 
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf 18 Nov.    & {\small\bf NTG} 12th Meeting:\nl
                 ``\AllTeX\ User Environment''.\nl
                 Den Bosch, {\small OC\'E}.
                       & Gerard van Nes\nl
                         {\tt vannes@ecn.nl} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline 
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\bf Spring 1994 & {\small\bf NTG} 13th Meeting:\nl
                 ``\AllTeX, \MF, and\nl tools education.''\nl
                 Groningen, at {\small RUG}.
                       & Gerard van Nes\nl
                         {\tt vannes@ecn.nl} \\
\noalign{\vskip4pt}
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\noindent {\bf Note}: Also consult the ``Calendar'' in the previous
issue of \TUB\ for more dates and details. 

\newpage


%% Cover 3 (Table of Contents):

\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{center}
   {\Sectionfont \TeX{} and TUG NEWS\\
    \medskip
                  Table of Contents}
\end{center}

\vspace{1pc}

\contentsline {section}{{\it Editorial}}{1}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Typographer's Inn \\
               \indent {\em Peter Flynn}}{2}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{New Publications \\
               \indent {\em Peter Schmitt}}{4}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Feature Article: \\
               \indent International quotations
                       \quad {\em Johannes Braams}}{5}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{``Hey --- it works!''\\
               \indent {\em Jeremy Gibbons}}{9}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\AllTeX\ News \\
               \indent Announcing Oz\TeX\ 1.5 
                       \quad {\em Andrew K.\ Trevorrow}}{13}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace \BibTeX\ HyperCard stack
                           \quad {\em Evan Antworth}}{13} 
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace \uk \TeX\ archive on {\small
                                 CD-ROM} 
                           \quad {\em Rich Morin}}{14} 
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace The {\small CTAN} archives
                           \quad {\em George D.\ Greenwade}}{15} 
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{You Rang \ldots? \\
               \indent {\em Robert Becker}}{16}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\tug\ts'93 Updates \\
               \indent \tug\ts'93 program (July 26--31)}{19}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace \tug\ts'93 courses (20
                           July--6 August)
                           \quad {\em Carol Hewlett}}{21}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Reports on Meetings \\
               \indent \NTG's Lustrum Meeting 
                           \quad {\em Kees van der Laan}}{22} 
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\tug\ Board Activities \\
               \indent 1993 \TUG\ Election}{23}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace Nomination form}{24}
\contentsline {subsection}{\quad\enspace Notices \\
                           \qquad\enspace Technical Council}{25}
\contentsline {subsection}{\qquad\quad\ Conference Planning
                                       Committee}{26} 
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{\TUG\ 1993 Course Schedule}{27}
\medskip
\contentsline {section}{Upcoming Events}{28}

\vspace{2pc}

\begin{center}
   \bf Volume 2, No.\ 3, 1993
\end{center}

\newpage

%% Cover 4 (8 Great Reasons to Join TUG):

\thispagestyle{empty}

\begin{center}
   {\Large\bf Eight Great Reasons to Join \\
    \vspace{.5pc}
     the \TeX\ Users Group}
\end{center}
 
\vspace{.5pc} 

{\small
\begin{enumerate}
   \item {\bsl Publications:\/}\quad
         All members receive {\bf 4} copies of {\sl TUGboat\/}, The
         Communications of the \TeX{} Users Group; {\bf 4} copies of
         {\sl \TeX\ and TUG NEWS\/} (\ttn); and a membership
         directory. One of the four {\sl TUGboat\/} issues contains
         the proceedings of the annual meeting, so if you can't make
         the meeting, you can still keep up to date with the latest
         developments. As well, \tug\ publishes special single-topic
         items in its {\sl \TeX niques\/} series; some are guides and
         summaries of \TeX\ and \LaTeX; others offer descriptions of 
         major software packages (e.g., \PiCTeX, EDMAC). 
%
   \item {\bsl Books and Software:\/}\quad
         A ``one-stop shop,'' \tug\ carries most \TeX{} macro packages as
         well as \TeX{} publications and products. The Radel collection
         of public domain \TeX{} software for microcomputers is now
         available through \tug, too. Members benefit from a 10\%
         discount on all items available from \tug.
%
   \item {\bsl Membership Networks:\/}\quad
         \tug\ maintains and distributes a complete membership directory
         annually. Members are listed alphabetically, geographically and
         by institution. These lists facilitate easy member-to-member
         communication within \tug's worldwide network.
%
   \item {\bsl Information Referrals:\/}\quad
         \tug\ can connect you with site coordinators --- specialists in
         implementations of \TeX{} on various computer architectures ---
         as well as other resource volunteers. These experts are available
         to answer your questions about \TeX{}, \TeX-related software and
         other technical matters.
%
   \item {\bsl Annual Meetings:\/}\quad
         \tug's Annual Meetings bring \TeX{} users together to learn the
         latest in \TeX{} applications and innovations through seminars,
         talks and informal gatherings. They offer an opportunity to
         connect with other \TeX{} users at every level. Each conference
         is informative, but always informal and friendly --- the perfect
         forum for valuable interaction and exchange of ideas on \TeX{}.
%
   \item {\bsl \TeX{} Worldwide:\/}\quad
         When you belong to \tug\ you connect with other \TeX{} user
         associations around the world. Information about their 
         activities is published regularly in \ttn; reciprocal membership 
         arrangements are available with some of the European groups.
%
   \item {\bsl \TeX{} Training:\/}\quad
         Each year \tug\ offers seminars and classes for beginner,
         intermediate and advanced \TeX{} users throughout North
         America and Europe. \tug\ will customize on-site courses to
         meet your company's specific needs. 
%
   \item {\bsl Discounts:\/} \mbox{}\\
         $\triangleright$\ Discounted Annual Meeting fees \nl
         $\triangleright$\ Student rates for membership ({\bf 50\% off
                           individual rates!}) \nl
         $\triangleright$\ Discounts on the purchase of selected \tug\
                           publications \nl
         $\triangleright$\ Discounts on \tug-sponsored courses 
\end{enumerate}

\vfill

\begin{center}
   \begin{tabular}{lll}
      \bf \TeX\ Users Group        & Phone:  & +1 (805) 963-1338 \\
       P.O.\ Box 869               & FAX:    & +1 (805) 963-8358 \\
       Santa Barbara, CA 93102 USA & E-mail: & \tt tug@math.ams.org \\
   \end{tabular}
\end{center}
} %% end of \small

\end{document}

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